Small molecule
PubChem CID 11949646
Empagliflozin
Jardiance
- Mechanism of action
- SGLT2 inhibitor
- In plain language
- Blocks a kidney transporter that would otherwise pull sugar back into the blood, so the excess gets flushed out in urine instead.
- How it works
- Empagliflozin is a selective, reversible inhibitor of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2), the transporter responsible for the majority of glucose reabsorption from the glomerular filtrate in the renal proximal tubule. By inhibiting SGLT2, it lowers the renal glucose threshold and increases urinary glucose excretion, producing an insulin-independent reduction in plasma glucose. Because SGLT2 inhibition also reduces sodium reabsorption and increases sodium delivery to the distal tubule, it enhances tubuloglomerular feedback, reduces intraglomerular pressure, and lowers cardiac preload and afterload. These hemodynamic and renal effects, independent of glucose lowering, underlie its benefits in heart failure and chronic kidney disease.
- Therapeutic applications
- Indicated to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death and hospitalization for heart failure in adults with heart failure, regardless of ejection fraction or diabetes status; to reduce the risk of sustained eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, cardiovascular death, and hospitalization in adults with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, regardless of diabetes status; to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death in adults with type 2 diabetes and established cardiovascular disease; and as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes.
- Class
- Small molecule
- Therapeutic area
- Metabolic / Diabetes / Cardiovascular / Nephrology
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