Small molecule
PubChem CID 5284596
Naloxone
Narcan
- Mechanism of action
- Opioid receptor antagonist, competitively displaces opioids from receptors
- In plain language
- Rushes into the same brain receptors that opioids attach to and knocks them off, instantly reversing the slowed or stopped breathing of an opioid overdose, though it can also trigger sudden, uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms in someone whose body has become dependent on opioids.
- How it works
- Naloxone (Narcan) is an opioid antagonist. Per the FDA label, naloxone hydrochloride antagonizes opioid effects by competing for the same opioid receptor sites, reversing effects such as respiratory depression, sedation, and hypotension. When administered intravenously, onset of action is generally apparent within two minutes, with a shorter time to onset than subcutaneous or intramuscular routes; the duration of action depends on the dose and route of administration.
- Therapeutic applications
- Narcan is FDA-indicated for the emergency treatment of known or suspected opioid overdose, as manifested by respiratory and/or central nervous system depression. It is intended for immediate administration as emergency therapy in settings where opioids may be present and is not a substitute for emergency medical care. Because the duration of action of most opioids may exceed that of naloxone, patients require continued monitoring for recurrent respiratory and CNS depression after the first dose. Use in opioid-dependent patients may precipitate opioid withdrawal, and in neonates, opioid withdrawal can be life-threatening if not recognized and properly treated.
- Class
- Small molecule
- Therapeutic area
- Emergency / Neurology
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